It might seem that geopolitics does not dominate India’s agenda, but the truth is entirely different from this surface perception. While India’s geopolitical approach appears subtle and understated, its global significance makes it a key subject of interest in the world of geopolitics. And one can’t deny that India has several benefits due to its outstanding territorial location. At the same time, India’s participation in global geopolitics is deeply intertwined with its domestic priorities, historical strategies, and unique approach to diplomacy.
Before dwelving deep into India’s geopolitics we need to ponder upon the fact:
What is Geopolitics?
Geopolitics refers to how countries interact with one another based on factors like geography, resources, economy, military strength, and political strategies. It is a lens through which nations determine their policies, alliances, and rivalries to secure their political and territorial interests. Essentially, geopolitics is more about power dynamics and survival in an interconnected world. For a country to remain relevant and secure in today’s global order, active participation in geopolitics is crucial else it might drown in this century, due to lack of balance.
Now comes the most heated question of the era : “Is India Truly Disinterested in Geopolitics or is it just a mere diplomatic move?”
To some extent, the perception that India is disinterested in geopolitics arises from its historical stance and unique priorities. However, if we dig deeper into this subject, it becomes evident that India is deeply engaged in global geopolitics. India’s approach has been defined by its emphasis on self-reliance, strategic autonomy, and diplomatic balance.
Historically, India’s non-alignment policy contributed to this perception. During the Cold War, rather than aligning with global powers like the United States or the USSR, India chose to remain neutral, leading to the formation of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). This diplomatic stance enabled India to maintain friendly relations with both sides while safeguarding its own sovereignty and independence. Although this policy created the impression that India stayed away from global geopolitics, which it was, in fact, a strategic choice to avoid being drawn into superpower conflicts.
A People Centric Approach : Geopolitics
Another reason India is seen as less involved in geopolitics because of its focus on domestic priorities. For India, ensuring the well-being of its 1.4 billion people often takes precedence over global power dynamics. For instance, before exporting resources like rice, India ensures that its domestic population has enough to meet its needs. This approach reflects India’s careful balance between international commitments and domestic necessities.
Even in trade and economics, India has historically been cautious. It was only in the 1990s, under the leadership of then-Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, that India began liberalizing its economy and actively engaging in international trade. These reforms marked a drastic shift in India’s approach, as it started strengthening its ties with other nations to enhance its economic growth and global influence.
India’s Strategic Role in Geopolitics
While India’s approach to geopolitics might seem measured, geopolitics is undoubtedly interested in India. The country’s strategic location, resources, and population make it a central player in global power equations.
Geographical Significance:
India’s location in South Asia, with access to the Indian Ocean, makes it a critical hub for international trade and maritime routes. The Indian Ocean is a vital waterway connecting Asia, Africa, and Europe, and controlling this region gives India significant strategic leverage.
Proximity to Global Hotspots: The key element of Indian Diplomatic powers:
India shares borders with key nations like China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, which often feature prominently in global geopolitical discussions. Its rivalry with Pakistan and the ongoing border tensions with China make it a focal point of South Asian security dynamics. Additionally, India’s position next to nations like Nepal and Bhutan, which have immense tourism and cultural significance, adds to its geopolitical weight.
India as a Counterbalance to China:
Global powers like the United States view India as a counterbalance to China’s growing dominance. India’s participation in groups like the QUAD (with the U.S., Japan, and Australia) highlights its role in maintaining balance in the Indo-Pacific region.
Resources and Trade:
India’s vast market, growing economy, and essential exports make it an attractive partner for global trade. However, India ensures that its domestic needs are prioritized before committing to international trade, especially for resources like food grains and energy. For example, with its large population, India must carefully manage imports of petroleum and exports of rice to maintain domestic stability while meeting global expectations.
Diplomatic Engagement:
India’s diplomatic efforts are another indicator of its geopolitical significance. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s frequent visits to other countries and his efforts to strengthen ties with nations like the United States, Italy, and Kuwait highlight India’s commitment to fostering international relationships. These partnerships are essential for securing resources like petroleum and enhancing India’s global standing.
Tourism and Cultural Influence:
India’s rich cultural heritage, religious diversity, and historical significance attract global attention. From the Himalayas to spiritual destinations like Varanasi, India’s soft power extends beyond politics and economics, making it a unique player in global geopolitics.
India’s Mutual Interests in Geopolitics
While it may seem that India is less interested in geopolitics, the reality is that India and geopolitics share a mutual fascination. Both are partially depended on each other. Geopolitics is interested in India because of its geographical position, economic potential, and strategic importance. At the same time, India’s involvement in global diplomacy and its efforts to maintain a balance between domestic and international priorities demonstrate its active participation in geopolitics.
India’s careful approach of prioritizing its people while engaging with the global community—reflects its unique geopolitical strategy. By maintaining diplomatic relationships, participating in global alliances, and ensuring domestic stability, India underscores its relevance in the global order.
In conclusion, we can affirm that India’s engagement in geopolitics is subtle but very significant. While it may not always align with traditional notions of geopolitical power, India’s strategic autonomy, cultural influence, and diplomatic efforts position it as a key player on the global stage.
Geopolitics isn’t just interested in India; India is shaping geopolitics in its own distinctive way thereby portraying an unique picture of Geopolitics.